Monday, 22 October 2012
Sunday, 5 August 2012
Thursday, 19 July 2012
MAKING
INFERENCE
- Using information from
observations to make reasonable early conclusions.
- Making various possible
interpretations from single observation
- Using inferences as a tool to
determine the appropriate additional observations.
- Testing the accuracy of
inferences through additional observations.
- Give reason to an observation
or making an earlier conclusion from what have been observed.
The Inferences
- Logical
inference – any reason as long as it is logic.
- Comparing
– any logical reason but the answer must be in a form of comparing.
- Controlled/exact
– only one specific reason is accepted.
Examples of questions
- State
two reasons based on the observation above.
- State
an inference for the condition of the fish in the aquarium.
- Give
a reason for the answer given in (a)
- Why
is the distance of the moving trolley decreasing?
PREDICTING
- Stating the outcome of a
future event based on prior knowledge gained through experiences or
collected data.
- Able to determine the
outcomes from an action.
- Using pattern of data
explicitly to make projections.
- Confident with the accuracy
of the prediction.
- Able to verify a statement of related to future events
based on evidence or past experiences.
- Extrapolating and inserting data as a tool to predict
Two ways
to make prediction.
- Based on the calculation from
the data given. Answers obtained from the calculation is always exact (one
whole number)
2. If
the answer obtained is not exact or in range, write down only one whole
number from that range
Note:
Depends on the questions.
Examples
of questions
- Predict the length of the
string if a 5 kg load is used
- Predict in which pot will the
seeds grow the healthiest.
- Predict the condition of the
animal in container B after 2 weeks.
- What will happen to the plant
if it is covered with a box?
MAKING
HYPHOTESIS
Hypothesis:
Making a
statement of which can be proven by
doing an experiment or investigation or fair test
Hypothesis
sentence
Examples:
n The more the time taken to heat
the water, the more the temperature is.
n As the time taken to heat the
water increases, the temperature also increases.
n The longer the string, the lesser
the number of swings.
n Plants need water to grow well
n If the type of objects are
different, the ability to absorb of water also different.
Examples of questions
a)
State a hypothesis based on the investigation above.
b)
What is the hypothesis of this investigation?
c)
Write a hypothesis based on the information above.
Technique
of answering:
- …..(
trend/pattern)…. …(wtc)….., ……(trend pattern )…… ……(wto) ………
2.
As/If/When ......(wtc)…. ….(trend/pattern)…., ….(wto) … also …..(trend/pattern)….
Clue:
1. Identify the WTC and WTO
2 Identify the trend/pattern of
the WTC and WTO (if any)
3..Relate the WTC and WTO to form hypothesis sentence
CONTROLLING VARIABLES
The Variables
1. Manipulated variable or What to change.
(tc)
2. Responding variable or What to
observe/measure (to)
3. Constant variable or What to keep the
same (same)
1. What
to observe/measure (to)
-
Thing that is being observed / measured /investigated / recorded / the
result of an
investigation.
2. What to change (tc)
-
Thing that is changed or being manipulated in an investigation and it has
an effect on
thing that is observed.
3. What to keep the same
-
Thing that is always the same and kept constant in an investigation.
Interpreting Data
The
questions based on the
n Table
n Graph
n Bar chart
n Diagram
To state:
Ø The aim/purpose of the
investigation
Ø The trend or pattern of the data
given
Ø The relationship between the thing
to change and thing to observe.
Ø By making conclusion or what you
have learnt
Conclusion
Examples
of questions
- Write down a conclusion for
the investigation above.
- What can be concluded from
the data given.
- What have you learnt from the
investigation?
The
sentence:
- Depend on the result of the
investigation or from the data given.
- Also can use the hypothesis
sentence if the result is related to it.
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